Skin color depends on both melanin in the epidermis and small blood vessels in the upper dermis. Melanin that collects in one place becomes melasma or dark spots, and widened vessels show as redness. Patches that look alike on the surface can differ in layer and cause.
Here the focus is the epidermis. Five sessions of laser toning, 1–2 weeks apart, work on melanin a little at a time. If dark spots stand out or redness is mixed in, we add one more treatment after an examination.
Melasma can return, and changes differ from person to person. Sun protection matters as much as the treatment itself.

